What is Photosynthesis? Define, Explain all the process Mechanism of Photosynthesis, Z-Scheme, Calvin Cycle, Role of Chlorophyll.

What is Photosynthesis? 

Define, Explain all the process 

Mechanism of Photosynthesis, 

Z-Scheme, 

Calvin Cycle, 

Role of Chlorophyll.

Photosynthesis:

•       It is an anabolic process

•       Important component of Bioenergetics

•       Important Biochemical pathway

•       All life depends on it

Define:

•       Synthesis of Glucose

•       From CO2 and H2O

•       Presence of Sunlight & Chlorophyll

•       O2 as a by-product

Where it Occurs:

•       In Plants

•       Some Protists

•       Some Bacteria

Equation:

Raw Material:

•       CO2

•       H2O

Intake of H2O:

•       H2O is present in Soil

•       Absorbed by roots

•       Root hairs through Osmosis

•       Eventually transported to leaves

•       Xylem vessels

Intake of Air:

•       Enter leaves through tiny pores

•       Stomata

•       Present around Mesophyll cells

•       Carries CO2

•       Absorbed in thin layer of water

•       Surrounded mesophyll cell

•       CO2 is Diffuse

Mechanism of Photosynthesis:

•       Occurs in two Phases

•       First Phase or Light Reactions

•       Second Phase or Dark Reactions

First Phase or Light Reactions Z-Scheme:

•       Light energy is capture

•       Energy level is increase

•       Electrons are emitted

•       Light also break H2O

•       make high energy molecule

•       ATP & NADPH

•       Take place on

•       Thylakoid membrane

•       of Chloroplast

Second Phase or Dark Reactions Calvin Cycle:

•       CO2 reduce to make Glucose

•       Energy from ATP &NADPH utilized

•       CO2 combine C-5 compound to form     C-6

•       Each split into two C-3 compounds

•       C-3 compound reduced to 3-C carbohydrates

•       3-C carbohydrates used to make Glucose

•       C-3 carbohydrates also originated C-5 Compound

Role of Chlorophyll:

•       Sunlight energy absorbed by chlorophyll

•       Converted into chemical energy

•       1% light is used

•       Rest is transmitted or reflected

•       Light rays are different wavelength

•       Absorbed by different pigments

•       Blue and Red carries more Photosynthesis

•       Pigments are arranged to form clusters called Photosystems

•       Chlorophyll-a is main pigment

•       Accessory pigments are Chlorophyll-b and Carotenoids

•       Some wavelength are not absorbed by chlorophyll-a but absorbed by other

•       Accessory pigments very effectly

Limiting Factors:

•       Effect of light

•       Intensity of light

•       Temperature

•       Effect of CO2 Concentration

•       Humidity

•       Working of Stomata

•       Concentration of Ions

Homework:

•       Write any three

•        Advantages and disadvantages of

•       photosynthesis